Interpretation of the regulations on supervision and administration of dam operation safety of hydropower station by academician Zheng Shouren

Date:2017-09-06 Author: Click:

Reservoirs, especially large reservoirs with high dams, can effectively regulate and store flood, generate electricity, utilize and protect water resources, and bring great benefits to human beings.

Since 1990's, China's dam construction has not only ranked first in the number of countries in the world, but also increased significantly in the height of the dam.

At present, there are 151 dams with dam height of 100 - 200 meters, 12 dams with dam height of 200 - 300 meters and 2 dams with dam height of more than 300 meters in China. Most of these dams belong to the electricity industry.

The reservoir dam has great social and economic benefits, but also has potential safety risks. once the dam has serious accidents or even dam-break accidents, it will seriously endanger the safety of people's lives and property and regional social and economic development. The experiences and lessons of some reservoir dams in the world show that improper design, construction quality and poor operation management are the main factors of reservoir dam failure. Therefore, water conservancy and hydropower projects must be carefully designed, careful construction, strict supervision, to ensure the quality of the project, at the same time to strengthen the dam operation safety risk management, establish and improve the dam safety guarantee system, to ensure the safety of the reservoir dam, do foolproof.

China attaches great importance to the safety of reservoir dam operation, and constantly improve the dam safety supervision and management system. In March 1991, the state Council promulgated the regulations on the safety management of reservoir dams, which made the safety management of reservoir dams in China formally on the legal track.

The electric power industry in 1987 by the original Ministry of water conservancy and electric power promulgated the " interim measures for dam safety management of hydropower station", after many revisions and complete sets, including the original state electricity regulatory commission on December 1, 2004 issued decree No. 3 " hydropower station dam safety management regulations". On the basis of inheriting the previous legal system construction, the national development and reform commission promulgated the " regulations on the supervision and administration of dam operation safety of hydropower station" ( hereinafter referred to as the " regulations" ). Combined with the practice of taking part in dam safety management activities such as regular inspection of dam safety of hydropower station, some experiences are discussed.

Perfect system electric power enterprise is the main body of dam safety responsibility

" regulations" to further improve the government supervision, supervision by the competent authorities, the operation unit of the implementation of the power industry dam safety supervision and management system, clear power enterprises is the main responsibility for the safety of dam operation, the state energy bureau is responsible for the supervision and management of dam operation safety, the agency specifically responsible for the area of dam operation safety supervision and management; The dam safety supervision center of the state energy bureau is responsible for the technical supervision and service of dam operation safety, and provides technical support for the development of dam operation safety supervision and management.

Compared with the previous laws and regulations on dam safety management of hydropower stations, the regulations further strengthen the safety management of the whole process of dam operation, and put forward the principles of standardized management for the reduction of dam grade and dam retirement ( including dam scrapping, demolition or demolition and reconstruction ); For the new dam, it is emphasized that the dam safety monitoring system, flood discharge and energy dissipation and protection facilities, emergency power supply and other safety facilities are put into operation at the same time with the main dam project.

Dam operation and management, in addition to continue to emphasize the flood control scheduling, maintenance and reinforcement, safety inspection, safety monitoring, " regulations" increased information submitted, emergency management, function change, security files and other requirements. The establishment of dam safety emergency management system, should be closely combined with the characteristics of each dam, analysis of the possibility of all kinds of emergencies and their consequences, through the practice of continuous improvement of emergency plans, to save for a rainy day; Safety archives are the basis of dam safety evaluation, some power station construction period of archives is not complete, to collect as much as possible, at the same time should pay attention to the operation period of archives.

Careful management, monitoring and maintenance are the foundation of dam safety

After the completion and operation of the dam, the first to carefully maintain, to ensure the normal play of the functions of the dam and its ancillary facilities;

Second, to strengthen monitoring and inspection, to ensure the authenticity, continuity of monitoring data and inspection records of comprehensive and accurate, safety monitoring is to understand the dam and other hydraulic structures working state of the eyes and ears, to provide the basis for the evaluation of the safety situation and found abnormal signs, to improve the dam safety monitoring system, timely renovation;

The third is to do routine maintenance, establish and improve the dam inspection and maintenance system, to monitor and patrol inspection found abnormal phenomenon and defect tracking analysis, timely maintenance or reinforcement, eliminate the risk factors. These are emphasized in the provisions and previous regulations.

In 2006, the electric power industry began to promote the dam safety information work, formulated the " hydropower station dam operation safety information construction plan", after many years of practice, has made great achievements. " regulations" special emphasis on high dam large library should establish dam safety online monitoring system, highlighting the focus of risk management and control, but also in line with the current level of information technology development.

Regular inspection to ensure the dynamic safety of the dam

Dam safety is a dynamic process, on the one hand, with the long-term impact of operating conditions and natural environment, the dam and its foundation will have the possibility of aging and deterioration; On the other hand, a few dam design, construction quality congenital defects, such as hydrological, geological, seismic data and parameters are not accurate, the use of unqualified raw materials in the construction, concealed engineering project construction cut corners, engineering metal structure and mechanical and electrical equipment processing manufacturing process rough, installation error exceeds the standard, the consequences will appear in the operation.

Regular inspection and appraisal is to review the design standards, parameters, structural safety, the construction quality of the review, the operation of the abnormal phenomenon and defects found in the diagnosis, timely detection of engineering safety hidden danger, put forward to eliminate the lack of treatment, danger reinforcement opinions, and constantly improve the dam safety situation, improve the durability of the dam.

Since 1989, the system of regular dam safety inspection for hydropower stations has been implemented. so far, the electric power industry has completed three rounds of regular dam safety inspection, and the fourth round of dam safety inspection is under way.

From that result of the examination,

A: yes, sir

Regular inspection has played an important role in regulating dam operation management, strengthening the monitoring and comprehensive evaluation of hydraulic structures such as dams, checking and monitoring the safety hidden danger of abnormal parts, strengthening treatment in time, and ensuring the safety of dam operation. it should be adhered to for a long time.

According to the regulations, after the first regular inspection, the regular inspection interval can be dynamically adjusted according to the dam safety risk situation, but not less than three years or more than ten years. This opinion is in line with the concept of risk management, so that the allocation of technical resources more reasonable and effective, at the same time, due to the promotion of information construction, daily safety monitoring ability to further improve, also laid the foundation for risk management.